Between passkeys, FIDO2 security keys, hardware tokens and other technical terms, it becomes difficult to navigate. This guide explains everything you need to know about these strong authentication technologies that are progressively replacing traditional passwords.
What is a Passkey? Definition and Operation
A passkey (or access key in English) is a cryptographic encryption mechanism designed to definitively replace passwords. Unlike conventional identifiers, passkeys use asymmetric cryptography to create unbreachable and unique authentication for each service.
How Do Passkeys Work?
Passkeys can be stored in several environments:
- Password managers (1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane)
- Integrated platforms (iCloud Keychain, Google Password Manager)
- Web browsers
- Physical security keys
FIDO2: The Revolutionary Authentication Standard
FIDO2 represents the next-generation security protocol for passwordless authentication. Developed by the FIDO Alliance, this standard guarantees maximum security whilst simplifying user experience.
⚠️ Warning: Don’t confuse FIDO U2F (older generation) with FIDO2 which enables true passwordless authentication.
FIDO Alliance: The Modern Authentication Ecosystem
The FIDO Alliance (Fast Identity Online) brings together more than 250 members amongst global technology leaders:
- Google – Native integration in Chrome and Android
- Microsoft – Windows Hello and Azure AD support
- GitHub – Developer authentication
- Dropbox – Cloud account security
FIDO Alliance Mission
This association aims to eliminate password dependency by developing open and interoperable standards. The FIDO2 protocol represents their latest innovation for frictionless authentication.
Security Keys: Hardware at the Service of Cybersecurity
A security key is a hardware device that physically stores your passkeys. These authentication tokens come in several formats:
Types of FIDO2 Security Keys
USB Keys: Traditional format, compatible with all computers
Bluetooth Keys: Wireless mobile authentication
Biometric Cards: Fingerprint authentication
Hardware Token: Beyond FIDO2 Keys
A hardware token refers to any hardware authentication device. FIDO2 security keys represent one category of tokens, but others exist:
Examples of Authentication Tokens
OTP Tokens (One-Time Password): Temporary password generation
PKI Cards: Digital certificate storage
Why Adopt FIDO2 Authentication?
Business and Security Advantages
Adopting FIDO2 technologies brings concrete benefits:
- 99% reduction in phishing attacks
- Elimination of password theft
- Improved user experience
- Compliance with cybersecurity regulations
- Reduced IT support costs
The Future of Authentication: Towards a Passwordless World
Passwordless authentication is no longer a trend but a reality. FIDO2 passkeys are progressively establishing themselves as the reference security standard, supported by all major technology players.
The multiplication of solutions (software, USB, biometric cards) and terminological diversity can create confusion. However, understanding these differences will enable you to choose the strong authentication solution best adapted to your needs.